Denmark's Wind Power Evolution

Denmark's Wind Power Evolution Wind turbine decommissioning rate 2020 goal • An additional 1,800 MW of wind turbines onshore. No. of turbines GWh/yr generated 1200 1.000 12,000 12,000 0.9 An additional 1,500 MW offshore Mul. 0.8 10,000 10,000 0.7 From popular wind power movement 8,000 8,000 0.6 0.5 towards concentrated 6,000 6,000 ownership 0.4 Average turbine capacity/MW 4,000 4,000 0.3 Number of operational wind turbines 0.2 2,000 2,000 0.1 0.0 Era of market-based supports Early wind power supports Market-based supports Return to feed-in tariffs 1976 1983 1984 2000 2003 2009 2012 Ownership of wind turbines limited to those within 3km (later 10km) No income tax on earnings from first 7 MWh of wind power sales Utilities obliged to purchase wind Danish Energy Agreement 50% of electricity consumption from wind energy by 2020. Abandonment Premium to market Restoration of Feed- of FiTs in favour in tariffs for turbines power at 85% of price paid by big electricity customers price of power of 1.3 EU cents/kWh for 20 years. introduced of Renewables Portfolio Standards of all sizes plus an emissions trading system 40% investment subsidy for wind turbine construction • Onshore turbines to receive approx. 3 EU cents/kWh. • Offshore FITS awarded subject to a tender system - 6 EU cents/KVWH 1989 1990 1991 2008 2007 2010 Subsidy support for wind turbine More than 3,000 cooperatives operate wind turbines for 150,000 shareholders Premium feed-in tariff of EU cents 2.6/kWh introduced Additional support for re-powered wind turbines Government sets 100% renewables policy goal but retains market tools approach Wind power meets 20% of total electricity consumption (seven years behind schedule) investments approx abolished • Turbines < 25kW receive a little over 8 EU cents/kWH Graphs: Danish Energy Agency, www.ens.dk 1977 1979 1981 1987 AAA