Copper - The Essential Metal (Part 1)

VISUAL CAPITALIST COPRER THE ESSENTIAL METAL PART 1: HISTORY ANDUSES COPPER HAS BEEN ONE OF THE MOST WIDELY USED METALS ON THE PLANET FOR MILLENNIA. snadfiy The English word 'copper' originates from the Ancient Roman name cyprium, meaning from Cyprus', as it was historically mined on the island. WHAT MAKES COPPER S0 USEFUL? Alloys easily with other metals Highly Conductive Ductile 100% Recyclable The only metal that conducts heat and electricity more effectively is silver, which is 100x more expensive It can be easily shaped into functional forms like wire. 80% of copper ever mined is still in use today. There are currently more than 57o different known copper alloys 80% Copper's hue is as beautiful as it is unique. Copper, gold, and osmium are the only three elemental metals with colours other than silver/grey. In addition, Copper is quite common. There are 100,000,000,000,000 tonnes of copper in the top kilometer of Earth's crust alone. THE ABUNDANCE OF COPPER MEANS IT WAS ONE OF THE FIRST METALS DISCOVERED BY MAN, AND COPPER HAS A LONG, RICH STORY IN HUMAN CIVILIZATION. 9000 BC Humans discover copper and begin using it in jewelry. Only gold and meteoric iron (iron that falls from the sky in meteors) were discovered earlier. 3600 BC Early civilizations enter the Bronze Age as they learn to smelt copper and alloy it with tin to make Bronze. 2500 BC The Great Pyramid of Giza is constructed using copper 2000 BC and bronze tools. Cheers! Copper is first used to make vessels for brewing beer, as it naturally removes sulfur-based compounds which improves the flavour. 480 BC 1000 AD Bronze rams on the prows of the Greek ships help sink the Persian fleet during the battle of Salamis. The Great Copper Mountain mine in Sweden begins operations and produces copper for an entire millennium. 1492 AD sets sail for the Christopher New World in three ships with copper plated hulls. 2005 AD 1886 AD NASA's Deep Impact spacecraft smashed the Tempel 1 comet by firing a The Statue of Liberty is erected using 31 tons of copper on its outer surface, making it the largest use of copper in a single structure at the time. 349 kg copper bullet into it, exposing the comet's mysterious interior. Copper was used specifically because it does not interfere with the spectroscopic imaging. CURRENT USES Today, copper makes up the nervous system of industry, infrastructure, automobiles, and homes. INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY • Copper's superior conductivity improves the electrical energy efficiency of motor-driven systems, which account for 45% of all global electricity consumption. (15% ROOFING & PLUMBING Estimated lifespan of copper roofing is 100 years, making it one of the most cost effective roofing materials to this day. (20% ALLOYS 5% such as brass and bronze (60%) ELECTRICAL WIRES From power grids to motherboards, copper wiring is preferred for conducting electricity. 1TFFEEITTLLITIIITITIT Aluminum wiring is comparably priced, but is unsafe and can start fires. Virtually no metals are substitutable for copper in wiring Silver performs slightly better for wiring, but is more than 100x expensive 4 tonnes of copper, including 193 km of copper wire. • 1000 kg of copper (avg.) 22 kg of copper, including 1.6 km of copper wiring. r16 g of copper •0.7 kg of copper In fact, the average single family home in North America uses: 200 kg of copper 88.5 kg of copper building wire • 68.5 kg of copper plumbing tube, fittings, valves • 21.3 kg of built-in appliances • 10.9 kg of brass plumbers' goods • 5.4 kg of copper builder's hardware • 4.5 kg of other copper wire and tubing To put all that into perspective... X120 424 kg The total copper used in the USA this year could be formed into a 12-gauge wire (the same used to connect outlets in your house) that uould make 120 round trips to the Moon. Every American born in 2011 will consume 424 kg of copper in his/her lifetime. CONCLUSION: Copper is an indispensable metal that has become essential for modern living. From cars to cellphones to our homes, the average person relies on copper every single day. VISUALIZE THE OPPORTUNITY SURROUNDING THE WORLD'S INCREASING COPPER CONSUMPTION AND STRAINED SOURCES OF SUPPLY IN... PART 2: DEMAND AND SUPPLY FEATURED PROJECT: BORNITE AMEX-NYSE: NCQ NoVA COPPER VISUAL CAPITALIST IS COMMITTED TO PROVIDING FEATURING NEW SOUTH REEF ZONE DISCOVERY HOLE #187 CONTAINING 178 METERS @ 4% CU INCLUDING 35 METERS @ 12% CU INDEPENDENTLY RESEARCHED CONTENT FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES. TSX: NCQ THANKS TO NOVA COPPER AND TINTINA RESOURCES FOR TINTINARES COVERING THE PRODUCTION COSTS OF THIS PROJECT. OURCES NTE LEARN MORE AT WWW.NOVACOPPER.COM AND FEATURED PROJECT: BLACK BUTTE COPPER wwW.TINTINARESOURCES.COM TSX.V: TAU ONE OF THE HIGHEST GRADE COPPER PROJECTS IN DEVELOPMENT IN NORTH AMERICA. PEA ON BLACK BUTTE COPPER OUT IN Q3 2012 VISUAL CAPITALIST EDUCATING A NEW GENERATION OF INVESTORS ON RESOURCE INVESTING VISUAL CAPITALIST AND MANAGMENT www.VISUALCAPITALIST.COM TOP 5 SOURCES: HTTP://WwW.COPPER.ORG/EDUCATION/C-FACTS/FACTS-PRINT.HTML HTTP://WwW.MILESTONEELECTRICDFW.COM/RESOURCES/FAQ-ALUMINUM-WIRING HTTP://MAXWELLINSTITUTE.BYU.EDU/PUBLICATIONS/JBMS/?VOL=9&NUM=2&ID=226&CAT_ID=267 HTTP://WwW.WISEGEEK.COM/WHAT-WAS-THE-BRONZE-AGE.HTM HTTP://WwW.MII.ORG/PDFS/BABY.PDF FOR A COMPLETE LIST OF SOURCES, PLEASE VISIT: VISUALCAPITALIST.COM/SOURCES