The Complete Guide to Photography for Beginners

Katchlp THE COMPLEТЕ GUIDE TO PHOTOGRAPHY (for beginners) NEW TO PHOTOGRAPHY? HERE ARE SOME BASICS TO HELP YOU GET STARTED... A PHOTOGRAPH'S EXPOSURE AFFECTS HOW IT LOOKS; ITS SHAPE, FORM, TEXTURE, AND COLOUR. SHUTTER SPEED 1 3 APERTURE ISO F/1.4 F/2.8 F/5.6 CHANGING ANY ELEMENT IN THIS TRIANGLE WILL AFFECT THE EXPOSURE. F/8 F/11 F/16 Over-exposure = too light and 'washed out'. Wide aperture: portraits, close ups. Under-exposure = too dark. Small aperture: group or team shots of people, landscapes and scenery. SHUTTER SPEED THE SHUTTER SPEED SETTING ON YOUR CAMERA CONTROLS THE LENGTH OF TIME THAT LIGHT IS ALLOWED IN THROUGH YOUR LENS AND ONTO YOUR IMAGE SENSOR. 1/1000 1/500 1/250 1/125 1/60 1/30 1/15 1/8 1/4 1/2 1 2 4 8 FREEZE ACTION HAND HELD MOVEMENT BLURR - TRIPOD NEEDED ISO ISO CONTROLS THE SENSITIVITY OF YOUR CAMERA TO LIGHT. Higher ISO setting: • Greater the sensitivity to light • More noise Lower ISO setting: • Reduced sensitivity to light • Less noise 100 DARKER IMAGE LESS NOISE MORE QUALITY 3200 BRIGHTER IMAGE MORE NOISE LOWER QUALITY METERING MODES... WORK TO OPTIMISE EXPOSURE BY MEASURING THE BRIGHTNESS OF YOUR SUBJECT. Spot metering takes a reading from a 'spot' of the image. CANON • Usually measures 1-5% of the total scene. • Useful for high-contrast scenes or back-lit subjects. EVALUATIVE METERING Partial metering takes a reading from a larger circular area. PARTIAL METERING • Usually measures up to 15% SPOT METERING of the total scene. • Useful for portraits of people a similar distance away from your lens. CENTRE WEIGHTED AVERAGE METERING Centre-weighted metering gives priority to the centre portion of the photograph. • Takes a wider area than partial metering NIKON MATRIX into consideration. • Useful when your subject is in the centre of your photograph. SPOT CENTRE WEIGHTED Evaluative metering is the default setting on most cameras. • Uses the whole frame to assess the appropriate metering. • Useful when elements are at different distances away from your lens. HISTOGRAMS A HISTOGRAM IS A GRAPH THAT REPRESENTS THE RANGE OF BRIGHTNESS IN AN IMAGE. UNDEREXPOSED OVEREXPOSED PERFECT DULL CONTRASTY A 'perfect' histogram rises gently from the Yeft to the middle peaks and drops on the right, indicating a full range of tones but no loss of detail in shadows or highlights. PHOTO PERFECTION SHOOTING MODES CANON NIKON MANUAL MANUAL APERTURE PRIORITY APERTURE PRIORITY SHUTTER PRIORITY - TV STANDS FOR TIME VALUE SHUTTER PRIORITY PROGRAM PROGRAM Program auto exposure - You set the ISO. The camera sets the shutter speed and aperture. ΝΙΚΟΝ CANON GUIDE Aperture priority – You set the ISO and aperture. The camera sets the shutter speed. AUTO Shutter priority - You set the ISO and shutter speed. The camera sets the aperture. Manual mode puts you in the driver's seat. It gives you full control of the exposure triangle: the ISO, aperture and shutter speed. DEPTH OF FIELD DEPTH OF FIELD REFERS TO WHAT IS IN AND OUT OF FOCUS AS YOU LOOK AT AN IMAGE f/1.4 f/2.8 f/5.6 f/8 f/11 f/16 | WIDE APERTURE MEDIUM APERTURE SMALL APERTURE SHALLOW D.O.F DEPTH OF FIELD GREATER D.O.F WHITE BALANCE ALLOWS YOU TO CONTROL THE APPEARANCE OF THE COLOURS IN YOUR PHOTOGRAPHS. IT TELLS THE CAMERA WHAT THE AMBIENT LIGHT IS LIKE WHERE YOU'RE PHOTOGRAPHING. AUTO AWB TUNGSTEN CAMERA ADDS COOL TONES. CAMERA SETS WHITE BALANCE. WHITE BALANCE DAYLIGHT FLUORESCENT CAMERA ADDS WARM TONES. CAMERA ADDS WARM (RED) TONES. CLOUDY FLASH CAMERA ADDS WARM TONES. CAMERA ADDS WARM TONES. SHADE CUSTOM CAMERA ADDS WARM TONES. PHOTOGRAPHER SETS WHITE BALANCE. FOCAL LENGTH FOCAL LENGTH IS THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE CONVERGENCE POINT IN YOUR LENS AND THE IMAGE SENSOR IN YOUR CAMERA. LONG FOCAL LENGTH - NARROW ANGLE OF VIEW CAMERA SENSOR WIDE ANGLE OF VIEW SHORT FOCAL LENGTH --. CROP FACTOR THE CROP FACTOR IS THE RATIO OF A CAMERA SENSOR'S SIZE RELATIVE TO A FULL FRAME SENSOR. THE CROP FACTOR APPEARS TO EFFECTIVELY ZOOM IN ON YOUR IMAGE, TRIMMING THE WIDEST PARTS OF THE SCENE YOU'RE SHOOTING. RULE OF THIRDS THE RULE OF THIRDS, DIVIDES YOUR FRAME INTO THREE SECTIONS, FIRST HORIZONTALLY AND THEN VERTICALLY. THE FOUR POINTS WHERE THE LINES INTERSECT GIVE YOU POINTS WHERE OBJECTS OF INTEREST CAN SIT WITHIN YOUR IMAGE. TRIANGLES TRIANGLES IN YOUR PHOTOGRAPHY WORK TO GROUP TOGETHER POINTS OF INTEREST AND CAN BE USED TO 'FRAME' YOUR SUBJECT. THE GOLDEN TRIANGLE SPLITS THE FRAME OF YOUR IMAGE INTO THREE TRIANGLES, EACH CONTAINING THE SAME ANGLES, TO GIVE A COMPOSITION THAT 90 DEGREES IS PLEASING TO THE EYE. 90 DEGREES LEADING LINES LEADING LINES CARRY OUR EYES THROUGH THE PHOTOGRAPH, HELPING TO CREATE DEPTH AND DIMENSION AND DRAW YOUR VIEWER INTO YOUR IMAGE. ELEMENTS LIKE ROADS, RIVERS, PATHWAYS, SHORELINES, ROCKS, TREES AND TALL GRASSES. LIGHT & BALANCE CONTRAST A PHOTOGRAPH IS SAID TO BALANCE WHEN THE ELEMENTS WITHIN IT CARRY EQUAL VISUAL WEIGHT. YOU CAN ACHIEVE BALANCE IN YOUR RADIAL IMAGES USING: BALANCE SHAPES TEXTURES COLOUR SOURCES HTTP://EXPERTPHOTOGRAPHY.COM/HOW-UNDERSTAND-EXPOSURE-TAKE-BETTER-PHOTOS/ HTTP://DIGITAL-PHOTOGRAPHY -SCHOOL.COM/ISO-SETTINGS/ HTTP://WwW.DIGITALCAMERAWORLD.COM/2012/04/12/10-RULES-OF PHOTO-COMPOSITION-AND-WHY-THEY-WORK/ HTTPS://PHOTOGRAPHYLIFE.COM/UNDERSTANDING-METERING-MODES HTTP://WWW.ALL-THINGS-PHOTOGRAPHY.COM/DEPTH-OF-FIELD/ HTTP://LIFEHACKER.COM/5815742/BASICS-OF-PHOTOGRAPHY-THE-COMPLETE-GUIDE HTTP://WwW.PHOTOVENTURE.COM/2014/07/28/13-CAMERA-SET- TINGS-EVERY-NEW-PHOTOGRAPHER-SHOULD-KNOW/ HTTPS://FSTOPPERS.COM/ARCHITECTURE/ULTIMATE-GUIDE-COMPOSI- TION-PART-ONE-JUST-SAY-NOKEH-31359 HTTP://Www.CLICKINMOMS.COM/BLOG/THE-EXPOSURE-TRIANGLE-AND-GET- TING-GOOD-EXPOSURE-IN-YOUR-PHOTOGRAPHY/ HTTP://CLICKITUPANOTCH.COM/2010/11/READING-A-HISTOGRAM/ HTTP://WwW.IHEARTFACES.COM/2015/04/UNDERSTANDING-THE-EXPO- SURE-TRIANGLE-IN-PHOTOGRAPHY/ Ilull WIDER K y SMALLER