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Cetaceans The Largest Organisms on Earth 2

CETACEANS The order Cetacea includes the marine mammals commonly known as whales, dolphins, and porpoises. Cetus is Latin and is used in biological names to mean "whale"; its original meaning, "large sea animal", was more general. Fosil evidence suggests that cetaoeans share a common ancestor with land-dwelling mam- mals that began living in marine environments around 50 million years ago. Today, they are the mammals best adapted to aquatic life. Some species are noted for their high intelligence. At the 2012 meeting in Vancouver, Canada, the American Association for the Advancement of Science (the world's largest science conference), support was reiterated for a cetacean bill of rights, listing cetaceans as non-human persons. The heaviest living animals are all cetaceans, and thus also the largest living mammals. Since no scale can accommodate the whole body of a large whale, most whales have been weighed by parts. THE LARGEST ANIMALS ON EARTH OPacitic Occan OAtlantic Ocean OIndian Ocean OAntarctic Ooean O Arctic Ocean MALE 1 short ton 1000 Ibs of kril O represents prę-whaling population (1600 whales) FEMALE = 10 minutes underwater represents curent population (1000 whales) = One ring = 10 years CALF X and Y axis – 1 inch = 2 feet. The Gray whale, also spelt grey whale, (Eschrichtius robustus) is a baleen whale that migrates between feeding and breeding grounds yearly. The common name of the whale comes from the gray patch- es and white mottling on its dark skin. Gray whales were once caled devi fish because of their fighting behavior when hunted The gray whale is the sole ving speces in the genus Eschrichtius, which in tum is the sole living genus in the family Eschrichtidae. This mammal descended from fiter-feeding whales that developed at the begin- ning of the Oigocene, over 30 millon years ago. 150 ft The Sei whale (Balaenoptera boreals), is a baleen whale, It inhabits most oceans and adjoining seas, and prefers deep offshore waters.it avoids polar and tropical waters and semi-endosed bodies of water. The whale's body is typically a dark steel grey with irregular light grey to white markings on the ven- tral surface, or towards the front of the lower body. The whale has a relatively short series of 32-60 pleats or halfway between the pectoral fins and umbilicus (in other species it usualy ex- tends to or past the umbilicus), restricting the expansion of the buccal cavity during feeding compared to other species. The Kiler whale (Orcinus orca), also referred to as the orca whale or orca, and less commonly as the blackfish, is a toothed whale belonging to the cceanic dolphin famiy. Killer whales as a species have a diverse diet. They feed on fish, marine mammals such as sea lions, seals, walruses, and even large whales. Kiler whales are regarded as apex predators, lacking natural predators. Kiler whales are highly social; some pop- ulations are composed of matrineal family groups which are the most stable of any animal species. Their sophisticated hunting techniques and vocal behaviors are often specific to a particular group and passed across generations, and are described as manifestations of culture. (whaing started recenty) Xo The Minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata), or lesser rorqual, is a name given to a species of marine mammal belonging to a clade within the sub- order of baleen whales. The minke whale is a black/gray/purple color. Common minke whales (Northem Hemisphere variety) are distinguished from other whales by a white band on each fipper. The body is usualy black or dark-gray above and white underneath. Minke whales have be- tween 240 and 360 baleen olates on each side of their mouths. Most of oves along its ventral surface that extend the length of the back, indluding dorsal fin and blowholes, appears at onoe when the whale surfaces to breathe. 300 ft The fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus), also caled the finback whale, razorback, or common rorqual, is a marine mammal belonging to the suborder of baleen whales. It is the second longest animal in the world and second larg- est rorqual after the blue whale. The American natuưralist Roy Chapman Andrews caled the fin whale "the grey- hound of the sea. for its beautiful, slender body is buit lke a racing yacht and the animal can surpass the speed of the fastest ocean steamship. Long and slender, the fin whale's body is brownish-grey with a paler underside. At least two recognized subspecies exist the North Atlantic and the Southem Hemisphere. The Bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) is a baleen whale of the right whale family Balaenidae, in suborder Mysticeti and genus Balaena. It is a stocky dark-colored whale without a dorsal fin. It ives entirely in fertile Arctic and sub-Arctic waters, unlke other whales that migrate to feed or reproduce to low latitude waters. It was also known as Greenland right whale or Arctic whale. American whale- men caled it the steeple-top, polar whale, or Russia or Russian whale. The bowhead has the larg- est mouth of any animal. The Humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) is a species of baleen whale. Males produce a complex song lasting 10 to 20 minutes, which they repeat for hours at a time. A humpback whale can easily be identified by its stocky body with an obvious hump and black dorsal coloring. The head and lower jaw are Covered with knobs called tubercles, which are hair folicles, and are characteris- tic of the species. The fluked tal, which it lifts above the surface in some dive se- quences, has wavy trailing edges. The long black and white talil fin, which can be up to a third of body length, and the pectoral fins have unique patterns, which make individual whales identifiable. 500 ft Right whales are three species of large baleen whales of the genus Eubalaena: the North At- lantic right whale (E glacials), the North Pacific right whale (E japonica) and the southern right whale (E australis). Right whales have rotund bodies with arching rostrums, V-shaped blow- holes and dark gray or black skin. The most distinguishing feature of a right whale is the rough patches of skin on its head which appear white due to parasitism by whale lice. Because of their docile nature, their slow surface-skimming feeding behaviors, their tendencies to stay close to the coast, and their high blubber content, right whales were a preferred target for whalers. The blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) is a marine mammal belonging to the baleen whales (Mysticet). It is the largest known animal ever to have exst- ed. Long and slender, the blue whale's body can be various shades of bluish-grey dorsaly and somewhat lighter undemeath. There are at least three dis- tinct subspecies: B. m. musculus of the North Atlantic and North Pacific, B. m. intermedia of the Southem Ocean and B. m. brevicauda (also known as the pygmy blue whale) found in the Indian Ocean and South Pacific Ocean. B. m. indica, found in the Indian Ocean, may be another subspecies. As with other baleen whales, its diet consists almost exclusively of small crustaceans known as kril. 1000 ft The sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus), or cachalot, is the largest of the toothed whales. It is the only living member of genus Physeter. The spem whale can be found anywhere in the open ocean. The head of the whale contains a lquid wax called spermaceti, from which the whale derives its name. Spermaceti was used in lubricants, oi lamps, and candles. Ambergris, a waste product from its digestive system, is stil used as a fixative in perfumes. Occasionaly the sperm whale's great size allowed it to defend itself effectively against whalers. Sperm whales feed on giant squid, found in the deepest levels of the ocean. 5000 ft | | 00 | | |

Cetaceans The Largest Organisms on Earth 2

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An infographic aimed at a younger audience to help them comprehend the variations between different species of whales.

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