A Catalog of Interplanetary Firsts

A Catalog of Interplanetary Firsts Saturn Shown: nations' first successful missions Jupiter Titan to each target, with spacecraft they designed and built themselves, where the craft entered the body's gravity and sent data to Earth Uranus West Germany European Space Agency Russia and Mercury U.S.S.R. U.S. India France Israel Japan I China U.K. Iran Asteroids I North Korea South Korea Neptune Solar orbit Mars Venus Comets Low-Earth orbit Moon MANNED MISSIONS STORY AND ILLUSTRATION BY Katie Peek DATA COURTESY JONATHAN MCDOWELL, HARVARD-SMITHSONIAN CENTER FOR ASTROPHYSICS Sputnik 1 Oct. 1957 Explorer 1 E Jan. 1958 Luna1 Jan. 1959 Pioneer 4 Mar. 1959 Luna 2 Sep. 1959 E Y01son --------- Feb. 1962 Apr. 1961 0-- Mercury Atlas 6 Mariner 2 E Aug. 1962 Ranger i I July 1964 Mariner 4 Nov. 1964 Asterix I Venera 4 June 1967 Nov. 1965 - 8 011ody ---------C Feb. 1970 - Dec. 1968 Ohsumi O Dongfanghong I *| Mars 2 Apr.1970 · May 1971 Prospero Oct. 1971 Pioneer 10 Pioneer 11 Mariner 10 Nov. 1973 Mar. 1972 Apr. 1973 Helios 1 Dec. 1974 Voyager 2 Voyager 1 E Aug. 1977 Sep. 1977 ICE = Aug.1978 Dec. 1979 Rohini RS-1 n July 1980 Dec. 1984 Sakigake O Jan. 1985 Giotto July 1985 Suisei O Aug. 1985 Ofeq1 E Sep. 1988 Oct. 1989 Hiten O Jan. 1990 Oct. 1990 O səsshin O suəbán Oct. 1997 May 2003 Hayabusa O Mars Express O June 2003 SMART-1 O Sep. 2003 0 ------ Shenzhou 5 * Oct. 2003 Rosetta O Mar. 2004 Venus Express O Chang'e 1 * Chandrayaan-1 - Nov. 2005 Oct. 2007 Oct. 2008 Feb. 2009 Chang'e 2 * Oct. 2010 Kwangmyongsong 3-2 STSAT 20 O Dec. 2012 Jan. 2013