America Goes to War- War Power of the Constitution

AMERICA GOES TO- WAR Firet Iwo Jina Flag Raising. Mt. Suribachi, Iwo Jima / February 23, 1945 United States Marine Corpe WAR POWERS OF THE CONSTITUTION THE CONSTITUTION GIVES CONGRESS THE POWER TO DECLARE WAR THE FIRST PRESIDENTIAL we People PROCLAMATION OF WAR TWELFTH CONGHISS OF THE UNITED STATES ry ofC War with Great Britain, 1812 Act of Jun. 18, 1812, ch. 102, 2 Stat 755 Signed by Pres. James Madison (Transcript) U. S. Constitution Article 1; Section 8; anduldahe cd Wa Mr der of Nedes ng h ad Clause 11 AN AC "An Act dealaring War between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the dependencies thereof. and the United States of America and their territories. Clause 11: Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United Staten of America in Congress assenbled. That war be and the sane is hereby declared to exist between the United Kingdon of Great Britain and Ireland and the dependencies thereof, and the United States of Anerica and their territories: and that the President of the United States is hereby authorized to use the whole land and "To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make Rules naval force of the United States to carry the sane into effect, and to iseue to private armed vessele of the United States comninsions or letters of marque and general reprisal. in euch form as he chall think proper, and under the seal of the United Statee. against the vessels. goode. concerning Captures on Land and Water;" and effecte of the the said United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. and the subjects thereof." governnent of APPROVED, June 18, 1812. THE IMPERIAL POWER OF THE PRESIDENT? THE CONSTITUTION GIVES THE PRESIDENT THE ROLE OF COMMANDER IN CHIEF OF THE MILITARY BRANCHES Article 2, Section 2: "The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into the actual Service of the United States; he may require the Opinion, in writing, of the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon any Subject relating to the Duties of their respective Offices, and he shall have Power to grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offences against the United States, except in Cases of Impeachment." ALL DECLARATIONS OF WAR IN THE 19TH CENTURY WERE PASSED BY CONGRESS IN THE FORM OF A BILL United States House of Representatives IN THE 20TH CENTURY, THEY WERE PASSED IN THE FORM OF A JOINT RESOLUTION United States Seate In all cases, the measures were adopted by majority vote in the House and Senate and signed into law by the President THE U.S. HAS ENACTED 11 SEPARATE FORMAL DECLARATIONS OF WAR AGAINST FOREIGN NATIONS IN FIVE DIFFERENT WARS, EACH UPON REQUEST BY THE PRESIDENT JAMES MADISON JAMES K. POLK WILLIAM MCKINLEY WAR WITH GREAT BRITAIN MEXICAN-AMERICAN WAR SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR Declared June 18, 1812 Declared May 13, 1846 Declared Apr. 25. 1898 WOODROW WILSON FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT 'Included declaration of war against Germany and Austria-Hungary WORLD WAR I WORLD WAR II 2Included declaration of war against Japan, Germany. Italy. Bulgaria and Hungary Declared Apr. 6, 1917 Declared Dec. 8, 1941 MILITARY ACTIONS AND AUTHORIZATION OF FORCE UNDER GEORGE W. BUSH UNDER BARACK OBAMA ADMINISTRATION ADMINISTRATION Authorization of the use of Deployed special forces operations, U. S. armed forces against drones, air strikes and military those responsible for the advisors to Somalia attacks launched against (2007-PRESENT) the United States (2001-PRESENT) Deployed troops to Mali (2013) * This ie the longest continuously used congressional uee of force authorization. Deployed military actions and airstrikes in Libya Authorizatiion of the use of force against Iraq (2011) (Resolution of 2002-2011) Deployed airstrikes in Pakistan (2004-PRESENT) THE POWERS OF CONGRESS CONGRESS HAS THE POWER TO DECLARE AND END WAR AS WELL AS SET TROOP LIMITS INVOLVEMENT OF CONGRESS IN ALL CONGRESS HAS ADOPTED A NUMBER OF HOSTILITIES DURING THE BUSH AND OBAMA AUTHORIZATIONS FOR THE USE OF MILITARY ADMINISTRATIONS FORCE (AUMF) SINCE WWII, INCLUDING: AUTHORIZATION AUTHORIZATION AUMF AGAINST OF THE USE OF U.S. FOR PROTECTING THE THOSE RESPONSIBLE ARMED FORCES PURSUANT SECURITY OF FORMOSA, FOR THE ATTACKS TO U.N. SECURITY COUNCIL THE PESCADORES AND LAUNCHED AGAINST THE RESOLUTION 678 WITH RELATED POSITIONS AND UNITED STATES RESPECT TO IRAQ IN 1991 TERRITORIES OF THAT IN 2001 (FIRST GULF WAR) AREA IN 1957 HOUSE SENATE 420 AYES 98 AYES THE VIETNAM AND KOREAN WARS WERE NOT FORMALLY AUTHORIZED BY CONGRESS 10 NOT PRESENT I NOT VOTING 2 NOT PRESENT INOT VOTING NAY NAY MAINTENANCE OF AUTHORIZATION INTERNATIONAL PEACE OF THE USE OF FORCE AND SECURITY IN AGAINST IRAQ SOUTHEAST ASIA IN 1964 (RESOLUTION OF 2002) (GULF OF TONKIN RESOLUTION) THIS PROVISION OF AUMF HAS BEEN USED A NUMBER OF TIMES SINCE 2002 BOTH BY BUSH AND OBAMA TO JUSTIFY MILITARY ACTIONS PENDING RESOLUTIONS HOUSE SENATE Authorization for the use Authorization for the 297 133 77 23 of military force against the government of Syria to respond to the use of chemical weapons use of military force against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) AYES AYES NAYS Introduced on the Introduced on the 8th of September 2014, presently has a 13% chance of being passed NAYS 6th of September 2013. presently has a 55% chance of being passed NOT PRESENT I NOT VOTING RECENT MILITARY THREATS TO THE U.S. UNDER BUSH AND OBAMA REAL OR IMAGINARY? VLADIMIR PUTIN & RUSSIA AL QAEDA AND THEIR AFFILIATES The U. S. and their European allies have Al Qaeda has been considered a initiated economic and trade sanctions terrorist threat since the Clinton against Russia since Putin occupied the Crimean region of the Ukraine in early presidency 2014 Russia is reportedly testing nuclear weapons IRAN The development of a nuclear weapons program by Iran is considered by 76% of Americans to be the top threat to the interests of the U. S. (International terrorism was #1 with 77%) KIM JONG-IL & KIM JONG-UN Father and son, the former and current leader of North Korea, have issued various military threats against the U.S. The most recent threat is over the release of a comedy called "The Interview", which portrayed ISIS (OR ISIL) the killing of Kim Jong-Un, an "act of war" ISLAMIC STATE OF IRAQ AND SYRIA Although 71% of Americans believe that ISIS has terrorists in the U. S., military and foreign policy experts currently consider ISIS not to be a significant military threat to U. S. citizens PRES. OBAMA AUTHORIZED MILITARY ACTIONS DESPITE A LACK OF CONGRESSIONAL APPROVAL Obama sent U. S. troops and military advisors to Iraq to add security to the U. S. Embassy and airport in Baghdad on June 30, 2014 Authorized airstrikes against ISIS on September 23, 2014 OF THE ESIDENT TATES SEAL SOURCES & CREDITS http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-28014069: http://www.cfr.org/united-etates/balance-war-powere-us-president-congress/p13092: http://www.cnn. con/2014/09/08/politice/enn-poll-isie http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/23/us/politics/ue-ient-eure-just-how-much-to-fear-isis. htal: http://ww.reuters.com/article/2014/09/10/us-russia-nuclear-idUSKBNOH519C2014091o http://www.cnn.com/2014/11/07/politics/obana-republicane-foreign-policy: http: //www.latines.com/world/worldnow/la-fg-wn-somalia-us-military-advisere-20140110-etory. html http://clerk. house. gov/eve/2001/rol1342. xml: http://clerk. house. gov/evs/2002/roll455. xml: http://fas.org/egp/crs/natsec/RL31133. pdf: http://online. wej.con/articles http://www.gallup.com/poll/167672/terrorien-iranian-nukes-considered-greatest-threate. aspx: http://www. factcheck.org/2014/06/aid-obama-declare-terrorist-threat-gone http://www.senate. gov/legislative/LIS/roll.calu lists/roll.callvote_cfn.cfm?congrese 107&sesion 2&vote 00237: httpe://www. govtrack. us/congress/bills/113/hjres128 http://www.waehingtontines.com/news/2014/aug/22/fbi-no-credible-threate-to-us-fron-ielanic-state: httpe://www.govtrack. us/congress/bills/113/0jres21 http://www.newrepublic.com/article/119544/obama-authorized-isie-etrikes-syria-and-congress-ok: http://www.cnn. com/2014/08/08/world/ieie-fast-facte https://www.americanprogress.org/iseues/security/report/2014/09/24/97748/understanding-authorizatione-for-the-use-of-military-force Madison, famouepix. org: Polk, bp. blogepot.com: McKinley, wikimedia.org: Wilson, elite-view.com: Roosevelt, Bunh, presidential-power.org: Obama, bp. blogepot.com: Kim Jong Il, publicdomainvectors.org: Kin Jong Un, weneantwel1. com: Vladinir Putin, randyglassstudio. com; Al Qaoda Flag, vikipedia. org: Topol miseile: ruseiaonline. se: Mobile nuclear nissile, forbes.com: 114th U.S. Congress & Senate diagran, wikinedia. org: The Interview Bovie poster. Sony Pictures: Flag of ISIS, wikimedia. org: Chemical warfare nask, escapade.co. uk: US vs Britain Declaration of War document, wikinedia.org: P-16. middleeastsonitor.com: Bnblen of Iran. wikimedia. org: http://publicpolicy.nec.edu ENew England College 8AN UNITED S THE PRE