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170 years of industrial change in England and Wales

170 years of industrial change across England and Wales % of workforce in each industry 1841 2011 36% Manufacturing 9% 33% Services 81% 22% Agriculture and fishing 1% Construction 3% Energy and water 1% 100 80 60 40 20 20 40 60 80 100 3 In 1841, most people worked in manufacturing followed closely by services and.. From 1961, the gap between services and manufacturing started to widen and at a faster rate than previously... .by 1881 the percentage of workers in services overtook those 4...and in 2011, over 8 in every 10 workers were in the service industry with less than 1 in 10 within manufacturing working in manufacturing 80% Great Britain England and Wales 60% Services 40% Manufacturing 20% Agriculture and fishing 0% 1841 1851 1861 1871 1881 1891 1901 1911 1921 1931 1951 1961 1981 1991 2001 2011 In 1841, over one in five workers worked in agriculture and fishing... 3 ...until in 2011 less than one in 100 people in work were employed in agriculture and fishing 2 ...at every census the percentage of people working in this industry declined.. Developments that have changed industries Steam locomotive The invention of the high pressure steam engine aided the industrial revolution. It was used to propel railway locomotives, ships and road vehicles, changing the distribution of workers and goods. It drove machinery in factories and made the manufacturing industry a world leader. 1801 Electric telegraph 1837 Used in the building of the railway networks. Also to communicate with their trains and send information about train locations and delays. Bessemer process The first method known for mass-producing steel from molten pig-iron. It decreased the cost and increased the scale and speed of production. Steel was then a material that could be used to change the infrastructure of Great Britain. 1856 Patent for liquifying gas This is a part of basic refrigeration technology. The invention of which allowed food to be transported and stored for longer. This increased import and export of agricultural goods. 1876 Steam turbine 1884 The first model of the modern steam engine was connected to a dynamo that generated electricity. Its invention made cheap and plentiful electricity possible. 1902 Education Act Local education authorities created. The 1902 importance of education expands around the globe and GB realises the need to keep up. There is a big expansion in the number of school buildings being built. Penicillin discovered 1928 Penicillin is a powerful antibiotic. Its discovery was one of the greatest medical advances of the 20th Century. It provided safe and effective treatment for infectious diseases and changed healthcare. Nuclear power Calder Hall was the first nuclear power station to produce electricity in commercial quantites. 1956 First microprocessor 1971 The heart of everyday computers. Their invention have allowed low-cost computers that have transformed the way many people work. They are also used for digital control over appliances from mobile phones to industrial World wide web The way that businesses have been connected instantaneously by the World Wide Web has changed the way they are able to communicate and trade. Making them increasingly global and 24 hour. 1989 processes. Focus on 2011 56.1m Population of England and Wales 41.1m 26.5m working with were aged 16 to 74 Industries in 2011 Agriculture and fishing 1% 1% 2% Construction 13% 1% Energy and water 2% 12.5M women 14.om men 5% Manufacturing 13% 92% Services 71% 100 80 60 40 20 20 40 60 80 100 92% of working women were employed in the service industry and working within ... 17% Banking, finance and insurance 17% 22% Distribution, hotels and restaurants 21% 92% 6% Other services 4% 71% 42% Public administration, education and health 16% 5% Transport and communication 13% Within each industry, the distribution of women and men are ... Public administration, education and health 30% men 70% women Other services 56% 44% Distribution, hotels and 49% 51% restaurants Banking, finance and insurance | 47% 53% Agriculture and fishing 28% 72% Transport and communication 25% 75% Manufacturing 25% 75% Energy and water 22% 78% Construction 12% 88% 40 60 80 100 3 2 Public administration, education and health; and other services are the only industry groups for which there are more women than men working... Almost 9 out of 10 people working in construction are .therefore, the proportion of men working is larger in 7 out of the 9 industry groups men The local authorities that have the largest percentage of workers in each industry England and Wales 2011 Public administration and defence; compulsory social security Richmondshire 26.0% Water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation activities Copeland 3.1% Mining and quarrying Redcar and Cleveland 2.0% Electricity, gas, steam and air conditoning supply Copeland 3.9% Human health and social work activities Denbighshire 19.1% Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motor cycles Corby 23.5% Manufacturing Corby 23.7% Agriculture, forestry and fishing Powys 8.9% Education Activities of extraterritorial organisiations and bodies Forest Heath 10.3% Oxford 23.6% Information and communication Wokingham 12.6% Construction Castle Point 12.5% Transport and storage Crawley 15.5% Arts, entertainmentand recreation3B other service activities Hackney 8.3% Accommodation and food services Real estate activities Kensington and Chelsea 3.4% Isles of Scilly 23.9% Administrative and support service activities Activities of household as employers; undifferenciated goods and services producing activities of household for own Kensington and Chelsea 1.2% Newham 8.8% Professional, scientific and technical activities use City of London 26.6% Financial and insurance activities City of London 22.5% How the industries are grouped Agriculture and fishing Construction Manufacturing Energy and water Mining and quarrying Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply Water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation activities Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motor cycles Services Distribution, hotels and restaurants Accommodation and food service activities Transport and communication Transport and storage Information and communication Banking, finance and insurance Financial and insuarance activities Real estate activities Professional, scientific and technical activities Administrative and support service activities Public administration and defence; compulsary social security Public administration, education and health Education Human health and social work activities Arts, entertainment and recreation; other service activities Other services Activities of households as employers; undifferenciated goods and services producing activities of households for own use Activities of extraterritorial organisations and bodies Census For more information on this graphic e-mail: [email protected] Sources: Census data in each year quoted, 1841 to 1911 covers Great Britain and 1921 to 2011 covers England and Wales. There was no Census in 1941 and 1971 not included due to difficulty in creating a consistent industrial grouping Office for National Statistics www.ons.gov.uk II

170 years of industrial change in England and Wales

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This infographic looks at changes in the types of industry that people work since 1871 in Great Britain (latter period England and Wales) and shows some important events that have impacted on the majo...

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Economy
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